What is a door closer?
A door closer is a mechanical device that automatically closes a door after it has been opened. It controls the speed and force of the closing action to prevent slamming, improve safety, and maintain fire safety compliance. There are various door closer types available, designed to fit different usage and door requirements.
Equipment you’ll need to install a door closer
Before you begin installing a door closer, you’ll need the correct equipment to ensure it’s done efficiently and safely. These will include:
Choosing the right door closer for your door
Before you begin to install a door closer, you need to make sure you’re choosing the right option for your space. Below, we will explore the key considerations to ensure you make the right choice.
Door type and location
Choosing a door closer requires careful consideration of the door's location and material. Internal doors may require a different type of closer than external or fire-rated doors, and heavier materials like metal or solid wood demand a stronger unit than lighter doors. Environmental factors, such as temperature changes and public access, will also need to be considered.
Fire safety requirements
If you’re installing a closer on a fire door, it must be tested and certified to meet fire safety standards. In the UK, this usually means the closer must comply with BS EN 1154 and be CE-marked. The closer must be strong enough to ensure the door fully closes in the event of a fire, maintaining the integrity of fire compartments.
Mounting options
There are several ways to mount a door closer, each with their own benefits. Overhead door closers are the most common, but concealed door closers, which are hidden within the door or frame, provide a neat and seamless finish. Floor springs are often used for glass doors or commercial entrances. The mounting style you choose depends on both functional and aesthetic preferences.
Frequency of use
Take into consideration how frequently the door will be used, along with how often it will be opened and closed each day. High-traffic areas such as schools, hospitals, or offices are suited to a heavy-duty door closer designed for regular operation. Low-use residential spaces are likely to suit a standard closer as there will be less traffic, so it won’t be needed as often.
Opening and closing force
The strength of a door closer is defined by its EN power rating (EN1 to EN6), which determines how much force is applied when opening or closing the door. Heavier or wider doors require a higher-rated closer, while lighter doors can use a lower rating. Door restrictors can be added to limit how far the door opens, preventing damage and reducing the strain on the door closer. Automatic door closers are also a great option for heavier doors to provide better access.
How to fit a door closer
Step 1: Check your door and door closer type
Confirm the type of door closer you’re installing before you begin the process, whether that’s surface-mounted, concealed, floor-spring, or another door closer type. Make sure the door closer is suitable for your door type, material, and location.
Step 2: Mark the fixing positions
Accurately mark where the screws and arm brackets will go on the door and frame. Use the included template (or the closer body), a tape measure, and a pencil to ensure alignment is level. This precision is crucial for a smooth and effective installation.
Step 3: Drill pilot holes
Drill small pilot holes where marked to make it easier to fix the closer securely in place. This prevents the wood or material from splitting and ensures that the screws go in straight. Drilling these holes also helps the screws sit correctly.
Step 4: Fix the door closer body
Secure the main closer body to the door using the screws that are provided. Make sure it’s firmly fixed and level, as poor alignment can affect its operation.
Step 5: Attach the arm and brackets
Connect the arm mechanism to both the closer body and the door frame. For example, depending on the mounting type, the closer body might be on the door frame and the arm on the door. Ensure the arm is set to the correct angle and tightened properly. Make sure you check the manufacturer's instructions to ensure the arm's angle is correct for the desired closing action.
Step 6: Adjust the closing speed and latch action
Use the adjustment valves (typically with an Allen key) to fine-tune the closing and latching speed. Make sure the door closes smoothly and securely without slamming or staying ajar. If you need further help with adjusting, take a look at our guide on how to adjust a door closer.
Step 7: Test the door closer
Test the door closer by opening and closing the door multiple times. This will ensure the closer is operating smoothly and safely. Make any final adjustments as needed to improve performance or meet regulations (especially for fire doors). Once this is done, you have successfully installed a door closer!
Discover a range of door closers at IronmongeryDirect
This guide has taught you how to successfully install a door closer, as well as what to consider when making your decision to ensure your choice is best suited for the door type and location. Find the right door closer for your next project with our wide range of high-performance door closers at IronmongeryDirect.
FAQs
Can I install a door closer myself?
Yes, most surface-mounted door closers can be installed by confident DIYers using basic tools. Fire doors or more complex closers, including concealed or floor-spring models, are better suited to a professional installation to ensure compliance and correct fitting.
Do I need a special door closer for a fire door?
Fire doors require fire-rated door closers that are CE-marked and meet BS EN 1154 standards. It's important to always check the specifications and certifications to ensure legal and safety compliance. Using a non-compliant closer on a fire door can compromise its fire resistance and be a serious safety risk.
Does the door closer need to be adjusted after installation?
Most door closers do need adjusting for closing speed, latching speed, and backcheck. This ensures the door operates smoothly without slamming or staying ajar. Proper adjustment is key to the longevity of the closer and the door itself.
How long does it take to install a door closer?
Installing standard overhead closers usually takes around 30-60 minutes, depending on your experience and the tools available. Concealed door closer models may take longer because they require more precise alignment.
Can a door closer be installed on any door?
Most standard door closers can be fitted to wooden, metal, or uPVC doors. It’s important to choose a model that matches your door’s weight, width, and usage. You should always check compatibility if the door is fire-rated or unusually shaped.
Which side of the door should I install the door closer on?
The door closer is typically installed on the push side (inside) for internal doors, but some models allow for pull-side or parallel-arm installation. Ensure you always refer to the manufacturer's instructions for the correct configuration. Incorrect installation can prevent the closer from working as intended and may cause damage to the door.