What are door closers?
A door closer is a mechanical device that automatically closes a door after it’s been opened. Typically used on doors and fire doors in public buildings, door closers prevent doors from slamming shut and can also help to control the spread of fires and drafts. Installing a door closer can not only maintain security but can also ensure safety and improve accessibility.
How do I choose the right door closer?
Choosing the right door closer involves assessing the door's usage, location, how often it's used, and any specific building requirements. The right closer ensures your door shuts effectively and remains hard-wearing over time.
Door location
The location of the door plays a key role in the type of door closer that’s necessary. External doors need heavier closers that can withstand harsh weather conditions such as wind and rain. In particularly windy environments, door restrictors can also be installed to limit how far external doors open, adding an extra layer of protection. In contrast, internal doors are not likely to require the same level of resistance.
Door and door frame size
Taking the door and frame size into account is also important when choosing a door closer. Larger or heavier doors require stronger door closers with higher power ratings, and pairing them with floor springs can work to further conceal control of the door. If a door or frame is tall, wide, or made from a solid material, such as metal, the door closer will need to provide additional weight and force.
Building specifications
The specifications of a building will impact the door closers that are needed. Different buildings have specific requirements, especially in commercial or public spaces, such as fire safety standards. By following these guidelines, you are ensuring that safety and quality standards are in place.
Frequency of use
Considering how often a door is used will influence which closer is most suitable. Doors used more frequently, such as those in high-traffic commercial buildings, can wear out basic models quickly, so a durable option rated for this use will be needed. In comparison, doors with less frequent use may need standard models that prioritise cost-efficiency and basic functionality. Door usage can generally be categorised as low (up to 10,000 cycles per year), medium (10,000–100,000), or high (100,000–500,000), which helps determine the right closer for the application.
Door closer considerations
Choosing the right door closer involves more than just finding one that fits; other key factors should be considered. This will ensure the closer you decide upon is the perfect match for your door, providing reliable performance and long-term durability.
Adjustable closing speed
Many door closers allow you to adjust the speed at which the door shuts, preventing accidents and reducing noise. Door dampers can also assist in controlling door speed, making it easier to open doors and minimising slamming, which is especially useful for those with mobility concerns. Some models also offer adjustable latching speed and backcheck settings for greater control.
Door closer size
Door closers come in a variety of power sizes, and determining which one is best suited to your specific door is essential for maximised performance. These sizes are usually rated from 1 to 6, and the correct option depends on the weight and width of the door. Higher numbers are suitable for heavier doors or those exposed to strong winds. For example, a power size 6 closer is effective for doors with a maximum weight of 120kg, whereas lower power sizes work best for lighter doors, such as those weighing up to 20kg.
Material, finish and colour
Not all door closers are made the same, and many have varying materials, finishes, and colours, from stainless steel to silver. This allows you to choose a door closer that complements your door and interior style. White door closers, for example, work effectively in modern spaces, whereas stainless steel and bronze options complement traditional environments.
Fire safety compliance
Ensuring fire safety compliance is an important factor when choosing a fire door. Fire-rated doors or doors that are part of a fire escape route must have a closer that is fire-tested and certified to meet safety regulations. The door closer must also be CE-marked and comply with standards such as EN 1154 to ensure it’s safe and legally compliant. If you’re unsure of the specific requirements, you can read our 2025 fire door safety regulations blog to familiarise yourself.
Types of door closers
There are various types of door closers available, and the best option for you depends on the specific needs of the door, including the weight, the door location, and the amount of traffic. Below, we will explore the different types of closers.
Automatic door closers
An automatic door closer is a mechanical or electronic device, typically used in high-traffic environments, that automatically closes a door after it has been opened. They are powered by electrical systems used in areas where hands-free access is required, such as hospitals and offices, and they often feature sensors to detect movement. These closers improve security, convenience, and safety for all users.
Concealed door closers
Concealed door closers are a discreet and aesthetically pleasing door control option, hidden in the door and secured to the door frame. These closers are usually adjustable and reversible, used for fire and internal doors weighing around 30kg-50kg. They combine a sleek design with reliable functionality and are ideal for offices and residential spaces with low to medium traffic use.
Overhead door closers
Overhead door closers are a user-friendly, cost-effective, and easy to install way to prevent doors from slamming shut and control the spread of fires and drafts. They are fitted on the hinge and are available in a variety of sizes, making them ideal for a range of door weights and dimensions. Effective for low to moderately heavy doors (up to 69kg) and for low to medium traffic doors, they control closing and enhance security for users.
Hydraulic door closers
Hydraulic door closers use an oil-based hydraulic system to control the speed and force of a door when it closes, enhancing safety and accessibility. Best suited for heavier doors and fire doors, these closers work effectively when precise control is necessary and are typically used in high-traffic commercial spaces, such as offices and hotels.
Pneumatic door closers
A pneumatic door closer operates using air pressure to control the movement of the door, creating a softer closing mechanism, which is ideal for environments where noise reduction is a priority. These closers are used for light to medium-weight doors in residential spaces, effectively providing controlled closing action for low to medium traffic.
Spring door closers
Spring door closers operate using a spring mechanism, pulling the door closed after it’s been opened. This closer type is a cost-effective and low-maintenance option, best suited for low-traffic and low-weight doors. Commonly used on interior doors or backrooms, they provide a simple and reliable way to ensure doors close automatically.
Surface-mounted door closers
Surface-mounted door closers are the most common type of door closer, installed on the surface of the door or frame. These closers are an easy to install and cost-effective method for controlling the speed and force of door closing. Typically used on internal doors and residential properties with low to medium traffic, they require minimal maintenance and offer reliable performance.
Electromagnetic door closers
An electromagnetic door closer combines mechanical and electric operation, allowing doors to open under normal conditions and close during a fire or emergency. These closers are usually connected to a building's fire alarm system, so if triggered, the door will shut automatically to contain any smoke or flames. Typically used for fire doors in commercial and public buildings, they provide a safe means of access control.
Discover door closers at IronmongeryDirect
This guide has explored the various door closer types available, explaining which options are best suited to your specific needs. By considering door location, size, frequency of use, and building regulations, we have provided you with the knowledge needed to make an informed decision. Find the perfect solution for your space with our wide range of door closers at IronmongeryDirect.
FAQs
How do you adjust door closers?
Adjusting door closers involves using screws or valves that control the closing speed, latching speed, and the backcheck. These adjustments can help ensure the door closes safely and efficiently without slamming shut. We recommend following the manufacturer’s specific instructions while adjusting door closers to ensure correct operation.
When are door closers required?
Door closers are typically required in commercial and public buildings, where their automatic operation maintains safety and ease of access for users. All fire doors must have automatic closers to comply with safety regulations, ensuring the doors close securely in emergencies.
How long do door closers last?
Door closers can last between 7-15 years. This is dependent on their quality, frequency of use, and maintenance. Performing regular door closer checks can help extend their lifespan.
What’s the difference between push and pull door closers?
While push and pull door closers both work to automatically shut doors, they are different in their mechanisms and installation methods. Push-side closers are installed on the opposite side of the door’s swing, while pull-side closers are mounted on the same side the door opens toward. The closer you choose should depend on the configuration of your door and the space that’s available.
Do door closers work with all types of doors?
Door closers can work with the majority of door types. However, this will vary based on factors such as the door’s materials, weight, and usage. Some closers are designed specifically for heavy-duty doors, whereas others are better suited for light to medium-weight doors.
Can I fit a door closer myself?
Yes, it is possible to fit a door closer yourself, especially if you have experience with installing door hardware. When doing so, it’s important to ensure proper alignment and correct hardware installation. If you are not confident in fitting door hardware, we recommend hiring a professional for peace of mind.
